SDG 10- Reduced Inequalities: A summary of how the FRESH Framework and school programs can help to achieve and monitor this UN Goal
This summary explains how various school-based and school-linked programs support global actions to achieve this goal. The achievement of this goal involves five sectors; including Development Aid, Welfare/Social Protection, Finance/Taxation, Employment and Education & Training, The FRESH Framework and other sources enables us to identify six school programs and four multi-component approaches as well as the indicators related to those school strategies, Five global initiatives. involving schools as a key partner in achieving this goal have also been identified in this summary.
This summary explains how various school-based and school-linked programs support global actions to achieve this goal. The achievement of this goal involves five sectors; including Development Aid, Welfare/Social Protection, Finance/Taxation, Employment and Education & Training, The FRESH Framework and other sources enables us to identify six school programs and four multi-component approaches as well as the indicators related to those school strategies, Five global initiatives. involving schools as a key partner in achieving this goal have also been identified in this summary.
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Excerpts from UN Description of this Goal:
Goal #10 aims to reduce inequality within and among countries. The goal calls for reducing inequalities in income as well as those based on age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status within a country. The Goal also addresses inequalities among countries, including those related to representation, migration and development assistance. Income growth among the poorest 40 per cent of the population in every country should be more rapid than its national average. This was true in 56 of 94 countries with data available from 2007 to 2012. However, this does not necessarily imply greater prosperity, since nine of those countries experienced negative growth rates over that period. The labour share of GDP, which represents the proportion of wages and social protection transfers in an economy, provides an aggregate measure of primary income inequality. A shift of income away from labour towards capital has contributed to rising inequality. Globally, the labour share of GDP decreased from 57 per cent in 2000 to 55 per cent in 2015, mainly owing to stagnating wages and a decline in employers’ social contributions in developed regions, while the trend was stable or slightly upward in developing regions. Preferential treatment for developing countries and the least developed countries in trade can help reduce inequalities by creating more export opportunities. Major developed country markets already offer duty-free market access to the least developed countries on most of their tariff lines. But even when they do not, as in the case of some agricultural products, the average applied tariff rate is often close to zero per cent. Official development assistance and financial flows contribute to reducing inequalities within and among countries. In 2014, total resource flows for development to the least developed countries totalled $55.2 billion, and eight donor countries met the target of 0.15 per cent of gross national income (GNI) for ODA to the least developed countries. People migrate for many reasons, including better employment opportunities and higher wages. When successful, many migrants send money back to their country of origin to care of family members. Remittances to developing countries have increased slightly. However, the cost of sending money across national borders is significant, averaging 7.5 per cent of the amount remitted in 2015, down from 10 per cent in 2008 but still above the 3 per cent called for in target 10.c. Read more >> |
School Approaches and Programs that address this Goal:
There are several school multi-intervention programs and single interventions that promote equity, educational opportunity and reduced disparities for all students. These programs are often grouped and coordinated in these multi-component approaches: These school-based and school-linked policies, programs and practices are effective in supporting this goal: The core components of the FRESH Framework also address this goal in these ways: Schools help to develop these skills, values within students related to this goal: |
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Current & Recent Global/UN Initiatives to Achieve this Goal:
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Current & Recent Global School Initiatives related to this Goal:
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Overview of UN Targets for this Goal:
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average 10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status 10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality 10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations 10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies 10.a Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements 10.b Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes 10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent |
School-Related Indicators from the FRESH Framework & School Programs/ Approaches
The following indicators are included in the FRESH Framework, its thematic applications on various health, social, safety and economic problems and other sources or updates on the FRESH Monitoring and Evaluation Guidance. The indicators describe the type, frequency and data sources of monitoring that can be done. As well, the FRESH Framework provides suggestions for monitoring at the national and school levels. As well, the progress being made in relation to the implementation and maintenance of these core components and cross-cutting themes in the FRESH Framework can be monitored in relation to this goal: These school-related organizational and systems capacities should also be monitored in relation to this goal: |